The rights organization ‘Rawadari’ has raised alarms after accessing the Taliban’s new “Penal Code of Courts,” signed by leader Hibatullah Akhundzada. The 119-article document has sparked fears regarding the violation of basic freedoms, labeling non-Hanafi Muslims as “innovators” and potentially endangering religious minorities .
According to Rawadari, the code categorizes citizens into social classes such as “scholars” and “lower class,” determining punishments based on social status rather than equality. It also reportedly permits the killing of those defending “false beliefs,” paving the way for arbitrary detentions and severe human rights abuses .
Currently in use by Taliban courts, this document contradicts international fair trial standards. Rights groups continue to criticize the lack of transparent laws in Afghanistan, warning that such codified discrimination poses a grave threat to human dignity and justice in the country .

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